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Plant cultivation has a long and successful history that is tightly linked to environmental and climate change, social development and to cultural traditions and diversity. This is true also for the high latitudes of northern Europe, where cultivation started thousands of years before the earliest written records. The long history of cultivation can be studied by archaeobotany, which is the study of ancient seeds, pollen and other plant remains found on archaeological sites. This book presents recent advances in North-European archaeobotany. It focuses on plant cultivation and brings together studies from different countries and research environments, both at universities and within contract archaeology. The studies cover the Nordic countries and adjacent parts of the Baltic countries and Russia, and they span more than 5.000 years of agricultural history, from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages. They highlight and discuss many different aspects of early agriculture, from the first introduction of cultivation, to crop choices, expansions and declines, climatic adaptation, and vegetable gardening.
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The book brings together 16 contributions on the ancient and recent history of citrus fruits. Although they represent the main fruit production on a worldwide scale, very little is known about their original domestication and routes of introduction into the Mediterranean and temperate Europe: few organic remains identified as citrus have been found on archaeological sites. Nevertheless, evidence has been retrieved for various periods in the form of pollen grains, seeds, rind fragments, and occasionally wood and whole fruits in areas of primo-domestication, Asian, and from sites along the potential routes of diffusion. Iconographic figurations and textual references also exist. The contributions presented here – written by researchers specializing in phylogeny, taxonomy, morphometry, archaeobotany, history, iconography, the study of classical letters, and curators of collections – present the latest knowledge relating to the taxonomy of the Citrus genus and the methods used in attempting to identify ancient specimens. Analysis of botanical remains and a variety of other sources, has allowed the citrus diversity in China, India, Israel, Egypt, Italy, and North-West Europe to be described. Greek, Latin and medieval texts have been explored in order to identify recognized species, cultivation methods, modes of consumption, uses, and virtues attributed to citrus fruits since their first occurrences. The conservatories and germplasm collections of citrus are presented from a historical point of view, as are the important role they play in genetic research to improve cultivars, the conservation of rare and ancient varieties, and the role of informing the general public is also emphasized. The symbolic representation of citrus fruits in the arts, literature, and philosophy completes this overview, and fills a gap concerning these emblematic Mediterranean fruit.
History & Archaeology --- agrumes (culture) --- archéobotanique --- agrumes (histoire) --- citrus fruit --- archaeobotany --- citrus cultivation --- Mediterranean
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This study argues that early farming life may have been more multifaceted than previously thought, and puts forward a reinterpretation of the traditional views on farming, wild plant gathering and social relationships during the Neolithic in the North East of the Iberian Peninsula. 00The archaeobotanical data from 17 archaeological sites is presented (Sardo Cave; Camp del Colomer; Serra del Mas Bonet; La Dou Codella, 120; Cave La Draga; Bòbila Madurell; Carrer Reina Amàlia, 31?33; Prehistoric Mines of Gavà; Can Sadurní Cave; Sant Llorenç Cave; Espina C; Pla del Gardelo; Puig del Collet; CIM "El Camp"; Fosca Cave). For each site, pioneering methods of investigating the origin and the representativeness of the data are applied. Following these evaluations, palaeoeconomic issues are targeted at diff erent scales, ranging from the context to the regional level. The detailed investigations performed at the site of La Draga particularly stand out, as this is the only Neolithic site with waterlogged conditions of preservation in the Iberian Peninsula. Innovative data on the history of crops like tetraploid naked wheat, tworow barley, naked barley and opium poppy as well as on the role of wild fruits in the economy is revealed, completing an important piece in the puzzle of the investigations concerning the Neolithic in Europe.
Plant remains (Archaeology) --- Archaeobotanical assemblages --- Archaeobotanical material --- Archaeobotanical remains --- Archaeobotany --- Archaeological plant remains --- Archaeology, Botanical --- Assemblages, Archaeobotanical --- Botanical archaeology --- Botany in archaeology --- Material, Archaeobotanical --- Phytoarchaeology --- Remains, Archaeobotanical --- Remains, Plant (Archaeology) --- Remains, Vegetal (Archaeology) --- Vegetal remains (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Paleobotany --- Anthracology --- Methodology
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Ethnobiology --- Plant remains (Archaeology) --- Animal remains (Archaeology) --- Ethnobiology. --- Folk biology --- Folkbiology --- Indigenous peoples --- Traditional biology --- Archaeobotanical assemblages --- Archaeobotanical material --- Archaeobotanical remains --- Archaeobotany --- Archaeological plant remains --- Archaeology, Botanical --- Assemblages, Archaeobotanical --- Botanical archaeology --- Botany in archaeology --- Material, Archaeobotanical --- Phytoarchaeology --- Remains, Archaeobotanical --- Remains, Plant (Archaeology) --- Remains, Vegetal (Archaeology) --- Vegetal remains (Archaeology) --- Archaeozoology --- Zooarchaeology --- Zoology in archaeology --- Biology, Economic --- Ethnoscience --- Archaeology --- Paleobotany --- Anthracology --- Bones --- Animal paleopathology --- Methodology
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Paleoethnobotany, the study of archaeological plant remains, is poised at the intersection of the study of the past and concerns of the present, including agricultural decision making, biodiversity, and global environmental change, and has much to offer to archaeology, anthropology, and the interdisciplinary study of human relationships with the natural world. Method and Theory in Paleoethnobotany demonstrates those connections and highlights the increasing relevance of the study of past human-plant interactions for understanding the present and future.
Paleoethnobotany --- Plant remains (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Fossil ethnobotany --- Palaeoethnobotany --- Ethnobotany --- Paleobotany --- Archaeobotanical assemblages --- Archaeobotanical material --- Archaeobotanical remains --- Archaeobotany --- Archaeological plant remains --- Archaeology, Botanical --- Assemblages, Archaeobotanical --- Botanical archaeology --- Botany in archaeology --- Material, Archaeobotanical --- Phytoarchaeology --- Remains, Archaeobotanical --- Remains, Plant (Archaeology) --- Remains, Vegetal (Archaeology) --- Vegetal remains (Archaeology) --- Anthracology --- Methodology --- Paleoethnobotany. --- Methodology. --- HISTORY --- Plant remains (Archaeology). --- SOCIAL SCIENCE --- Ancient --- General.
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This richly illustrated book contains 24 scientific articles on plants and molluscs written by 38 colleagues and former students of Wim Kuijper. The majority of these articles deal with one or a few species found on archaeological excavations, from corncockle via Glycymeris shells to forget-me-nots. A member of staff of the Faculty of Archaeology at Leiden University for 40 years, Wim has supervised students and advised colleagues in the fields of plant and mollusc remains with great enthusiasm and success. They are very grateful for this help and this compilation is the result. The book conta
Plant remains (Archaeology) --- Animal remains (Archaeology) --- Snails --- Paleoethnobotany --- Fossil ethnobotany --- Palaeoethnobotany --- Ethnobotany --- Paleobotany --- Land snails --- Landsnails --- Gastropoda --- Archaeozoology --- Zooarchaeology --- Zoology in archaeology --- Archaeology --- Bones --- Animal paleopathology --- Archaeobotanical assemblages --- Archaeobotanical material --- Archaeobotanical remains --- Archaeobotany --- Archaeological plant remains --- Archaeology, Botanical --- Assemblages, Archaeobotanical --- Botanical archaeology --- Botany in archaeology --- Material, Archaeobotanical --- Phytoarchaeology --- Remains, Archaeobotanical --- Remains, Plant (Archaeology) --- Remains, Vegetal (Archaeology) --- Vegetal remains (Archaeology) --- Anthracology --- Methodology
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Most of the contributions in this volume were presented at the seventh International Workshop on African Archaeobotany (IWAA), held in Vienna, 2-5 July 2012. They address past interrelationships between people and plants as evident in the rich archaeobotanical, ethnographic, and linguistic record of Africa. Since its inception two decades ago, IWAA has developed into a tightly knit community of scholars from all continents who share a profound interest in African ways of plant exploitation, trade networks, questions of origin, domestication and subsequent dispersal of African crops, as well as the introduction of crops of Asian and American origin.
Plant remains (Archaeology) --- Archaeobotanical assemblages --- Archaeobotanical material --- Archaeobotanical remains --- Archaeobotany --- Archaeological plant remains --- Archaeology, Botanical --- Assemblages, Archaeobotanical --- Botanical archaeology --- Botany in archaeology --- Material, Archaeobotanical --- Phytoarchaeology --- Remains, Archaeobotanical --- Remains, Plant (Archaeology) --- Remains, Vegetal (Archaeology) --- Vegetal remains (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Paleobotany --- Anthracology --- Methodology --- Africa --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Antiquities
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"This dissertation delves into the reconstruction of past vegetation at the most detailed level. It is not the objective to focus solely on the developments in vegetation over time, but to create an image of the landscape that must have been visible to prehistoric people. Landscape and vegetation form a major starting point for the opportunities available in a certain area for a broad scale of human activities including grazing of livestock, cultivating crops and collecting wild plants. The majority of the analyses are based on seeds and fruits (botanical macroremains) from two Dutch prehistoric regions. These are the small river system in the present Flevopolder, home to settlements of the so-called Swifterbant Culture in the Neolithic period (4300 - 4000 BC), and the Frisian-Groningen terp region in the period prior to the endikements (700 BC - c. 1200 AD)."
Plant remains (Archaeology) --- Agriculture, Prehistoric --- Paleobotany --- Neolithic period --- New Stone age --- Stone age --- Fossil botany --- Palaeobotany --- Botany --- Paleontology --- Prehistoric agriculture --- Prehistoric peoples --- Archaeobotanical assemblages --- Archaeobotanical material --- Archaeobotanical remains --- Archaeobotany --- Archaeological plant remains --- Archaeology, Botanical --- Assemblages, Archaeobotanical --- Botanical archaeology --- Botany in archaeology --- Material, Archaeobotanical --- Phytoarchaeology --- Remains, Archaeobotanical --- Remains, Plant (Archaeology) --- Remains, Vegetal (Archaeology) --- Vegetal remains (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Anthracology --- Agriculture --- Food --- Methodology
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Geology, Stratigraphic --- Paleobiogeography --- Paleobotany --- Paleoclimatology --- Geology, Stratigraphic. --- Paleobiogeography. --- Paleobotany. --- Paleoclimatology. --- Quaternary Geologic Period. --- From 2 million years ago. --- Geologic climate --- Palaeoclimatology --- Paleoclimate --- Fossil botany --- Palaeobotany --- Geographical distribution of fossil animals and plants --- Age of rocks --- Rocks --- Stratigraphic geology --- Climates, Quaternary --- Quaternary climates --- Quaternary climatology --- Quaternary paleoclimatology --- Quaternary Period --- Age --- archaeology --- paleoecology --- paleontology --- zooarchaeology --- archaeobotany --- quaternary science --- Climatic changes --- Climatology --- Botany --- Paleontology --- Biogeography --- Physical geology --- Stratigraphy
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Although the need to study agriculture in different parts of the world on its "own terms" has long been recognized and re-affirmed, a tendency persists to evaluate agriculture across the globe using concepts, lines of evidence and methods derived from Eurasian research. However, researchers working in different regions are becoming increasingly aware of fundamental differences in the nature of, and methods employed to study, agriculture and plant exploitation practices in the past. Contributions to this volume rethink agriculture, whether in terms of existing regional chronologies, in ter
Plant remains (Archaeology) --- Ethnoarchaeology. --- Paleoethnobotany. --- Agriculture --- Plants, Cultivated --- Origin of cultivated plants --- Origin of agriculture --- Agriculture, Prehistoric --- Domestication --- Fossil ethnobotany --- Palaeoethnobotany --- Ethnobotany --- Paleobotany --- Ethnic archaeology --- Ethnicity in archaeology --- Ethnology in archaeology --- Archaeology --- Ethnology --- Social archaeology --- Archaeobotanical assemblages --- Archaeobotanical material --- Archaeobotanical remains --- Archaeobotany --- Archaeological plant remains --- Archaeology, Botanical --- Assemblages, Archaeobotanical --- Botanical archaeology --- Botany in archaeology --- Material, Archaeobotanical --- Phytoarchaeology --- Remains, Archaeobotanical --- Remains, Plant (Archaeology) --- Remains, Vegetal (Archaeology) --- Vegetal remains (Archaeology) --- Anthracology --- Origin. --- History --- Methodology --- Ethnoarchaeology --- Paleoethnobotany --- Origin --- Conferences - Meetings
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